Trench dimensions

in
ft
%
LF
ft
ft
ft

Quantities

Excavation
CY
Backfill
CY
Bedding
CY
Pipe length
LF
Tracer wire
LF
Warning tape
LF
End depth
ft
Avg depth
ft
Spoil (loose ≈ 1.25×)
CY

Estimates for planning only — verify against your geotech, trench-safety plan, and local spec before bidding or digging. Bench width models a benched/sloped wall on each side; use 0 for shored vertical walls.

How it's calculated

How the volumes are calculated

Fall & depth. Fall over the run is grade% ÷ 100 × run length. End depth is start depth + fall, and the trench volume uses the average of the two (average-end-area), so a 4 ft start on a 2% / 100 LF run averages 5 ft deep.

Excavation. (trench width + 2 × bench width) × average depth × run length ÷ 27 for cubic yards. Bench width is added to each side.

Bedding. trench width × bedding depth × run length ÷ 27 — a full-width layer under the pipe (benches excluded).

Backfill. Excavation minus bedding minus the pipe's own volume (treated as a cylinder, π × r² × pipe length). Subtracting the whole pipe is deliberately conservative and stays within takeoff tolerance.

Pipe length & tracer wire follow the slope (the hypotenuse of run and fall), so they run slightly longer than the horizontal length; warning tape runs the horizontal length.

Why grade can't be negative

Enter every run from its upstream (shallow) end so the pipe always falls downstream. A "rising" run is just the same trench measured from the other end — flip your start and end, and the grade is positive again.

What's the spoil number?

Excavated dirt swells when you dig it. The spoil figure applies a typical 1.25 swell (bulking) factor to excavation volume as a rough haul-off / stockpile estimate. Real swell varies a lot by soil — sand is lower, clay is higher — so treat it as a ballpark.

This is one run. Your bid has dozens.

BidSheet does this for every run in a job, rolls the trench quantities into your bid proposal alongside pipe, fittings, and crew costs, and keeps the whole estimate on your computer. Free, open source, no account.

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